Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome surveillance caused by respiratory viruses in a pediatric unit, 2013 to 2019 / Avaliação da vigilância da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave causada por vírus respiratórios em uma unidade pediátrica, 2013 a 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome surveillance in a pediatric unit. Methods: Descriptive study of reported severe acute respiratory syndrome cases with the detection of respiratory viruses in the nasopharyngeal sample of patients hospitalized between 2013 and 2019, in a reference hospital in the Federal District, Brazil. Results: A total of 269 children had one or more viruses detected, resulting in 280 viruses, of which 152 (54%) were respiratory syncytial virus. The detection of respiratory syncytial virus was higher during the autumn-winter period. Children´s median age was 6.9 months, 156 (58%) were male, 104 (39%) had comorbidity, 197 (73%) required mechanical ventilation, 241 (90%) received antibiotics, and 146 (54%) oseltamivir. There were 19 (7%) deaths. The median time from symptom onset to sample collection was 5 days and the median time from sample collection to final results was 6 days. Conclusions: The system needs to reduce the time to deliver results so that inappropriate use of antibiotics and antivirals can be avoided. Moreover, the burden of viral pneumonia was relevant and the system must be flexible enough to include emerging viruses in order to be useful in responding to public health emergencies caused by respiratory viruses.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a vigilância da síndrome respiratória aguda grave em uma unidade pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave, notificados e com a detecção de vírus respiratório em amostra de nasofaringe de pacientes internados entre 2013 e 2019, em um hospital de referência do Distrito Federal. Resultados: Um total de 269 crianças tiveram algum vírus detectado, resultando em 280 vírus, sendo 152 (54%) vírus sincicial respiratório. A detecção do vírus sincicial respiratório foi maior durante o período de outono-inverno. A mediana da idade das crianças foi de 6,9 meses, 156 (58%) eram do sexo masculino, 104 (39%) tinham comorbidade, 197 (73%) necessitaram de ventilação mecânica, 241 (90%) receberam antibióticos e 146 (54%) oseltamivir. Ocorreram 19 (7%) óbitos. A mediana do tempo desde o início dos sintomas até a coleta da amostra foi de 5 dias, e do tempo da coleta até o resultado foi de 6 dias. Conclusões: O sistema necessita reduzir o tempo do resultado final para que seja possível evitar o uso inadequado de antibióticos e antivirais. Ademais, o impacto das pneumonias virais foi relevante e o sistema deve ser flexível suficiente para incluir vírus emergentes, para ser útil na resposta às emergências de saúde pública causada por vírus respiratórios.

Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome surveillance caused by respiratory viruses in a pediatric unit, 2013 to 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome surveillance in a pediatric unit. METHODS: Descriptive study of reported severe acute respiratory syndrome cases with the detection of respiratory viruses in the nasopharyngeal sample of patients hospitalized between 2013 and 2019, in a reference hospital in the Federal District, Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 269 children had one or more viruses detected, resulting in 280 viruses, of which 152 (54%) were respiratory syncytial virus. The detection of respiratory syncytial virus was higher during the autumn-winter period. Children´s median age was 6.9 months, 156 (58%) were male, 104 (39%) had comorbidity, 197 (73%) required mechanical ventilation, 241 (90%) received antibiotics, and 146 (54%) oseltamivir. There were 19 (7%) deaths. The median time from symptom onset to sample collection was 5 days and the median time from sample collection to final results was 6 days. CONCLUSIONS: The system needs to reduce the time to deliver results so that inappropriate use of antibiotics and antivirals can be avoided. Moreover, the burden of viral pneumonia was relevant and the system must be flexible enough to include emerging viruses in order to be useful in responding to public health emergencies caused by respiratory viruses.

Presença dos pais em unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos: avaliação do impacto no estresse de crianças internadas / Parents presence in a pediatric intensive care unit: evaluation of the stress impact on the admitted children

Objetivo. Avaliar se o estresse presente em pacientes na unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos foi afetado pela presença dos pais.Método. Estudo observacional prospectivo realizado de agosto de 2002 a janeiro de 2003 em vinte crianças com idade de 1 mês a 153 meses. O estresse foi analisado com a aplicação da escala Comfort e pela concentração sérica de cortisol e glicose. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos; um, constituído de dez crianças que permaneceramacompanhados continuamente dos pais e outro, por dez crianças que permaneceram sem os pais. Os participantes foram observados durante três minutos para o preenchimento da escala Comfort, às 8 horas, quando também se colheu sangue para dosagens da glicemia e do cortisol total. Utilizaram-se os testes t de Student e Mann-Whitney para a comparação das variáveis e estabeleceu-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados. Houve diferença significativa na pontuação da escala Comfort entre o grupo de crianças que permaneceram com os pais, que apresentaram menor nível de estresse, e o grupo sem a presença dos pais, que apresentou maior intensidade de estresse (p = 0,02), o que caracteriza mais estresse no grupo de crianças que ficaram sem os pais. Não houve diferença nas concentrações de cortisol (p = 0,07) e de glicemia (p = 0,21) entre os dois grupos. Conclusão. A diferença observada na escala Comfort sugere que o estresse foi menor no grupo que permaneceucom os pais.

Objective. To evaluate whereas the parents? presence into the pediatric intensive care unit affected the patients? stress level.Method. A prospective study was accomplished from August 2002 through January 2003 interesting 20 children aging 1 to 153 months. Two groups were formed; one group had their parents? presence allowed and that was denied to the second group. The Comfort scale as well glucose and cortisol seric concentrations were utilized to evaluate each childs? stress level. The patients were observed each day at the same time during three minutes, before the Comfort scale was fulfilled and blood collected. Variables were compared using the t-Student and Mann-Whitneymethods and a significance level of 5% was established. Results. The Comfort scale analysis revealed significant difference between both groups. The observed stress level was much lower (p = 0.02) when the parents? presence was allowed. This difference was not observed in themeasured cortisol (p = 0.07) and glucose (p = 0.21) levels. Conclusion. The results from the Comfort scale comparison suggest that the presence of parents reduced the children?s stress level.